Parvenu
This is literally the exact same definition as ~arriviste.
Why I Looked It Up
In a book about Berlin in 1913:
Yes, the city was a parvenu, admitted Berliner Walter Rathenau in 1899. Indeed, “Berlin is the parvenu of cities, and the city of parvenus.” But this was nothing to be ashamed of. “In German,” he countered, “parvenu means self-made man.”
Update
I thought this word was familiar, and realize I had encountered it a couple of years ago, then wrote about it in an issue of Squirrel Notes: CMS Wordgame.