John Maynard Keynes was a British economist. He had a lot of theories about economics, but it basically boils down to this –
The government has to intervene in the economy. In a rescission, government has to increase spending to increase demand. During a boom, the government needs to reduce expenditures to avoid over-heating the economy.
The opposite of Keynesian economics might be Milton Friedman’s monetarist theory, which says that to control the economy, we need to control the supply of money (Friedman was an open critic of Keynes).
Another opposite might simply be…nothing. Let the free market fix itself without the government being involved.